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Injection molding is a plastic product molding process in which molten plastic is injected into a mold cavity, cooled, and solidified to obtain the desired shape. Below are its core principles and specific applications in toy manufacturing:
I. Basic Principles of Injection Molding
1. Clamping: The mold closes to form a sealed cavity.
2. Injection: Plastic pellets are heated and melted in the barrel, then injected into the mold under high pressure via a screw.
3. Holding Pressure: Pressure is maintained to compensate for shrinkage and ensure the product’s shape is complete.
4. Cooling: The plastic cools and solidifies in the mold.
5. Mold Opening and Ejection: The mold opens, and ejector pins push out the finished product.
The toy industry is a typical application field for injection molding technology, with the following main advantages:
1. High Production Volume and Low Cost
· A single mold can produce tens of thousands to millions of parts, resulting in extremely low per-unit costs, making it suitable for large-scale toy production.
· Examples: LEGO bricks, toy wheels, doll limbs, and other standardized components.
2. Reproduction of Complex Details
· Molds can be machined with fine textures to directly form details such as facial expressions, clothing folds, and gear structures without post-processing.
· Examples: Hair strands and weapon patterns on anime figurines.
3. Material Flexibility and Safety
· Plastics such as ABS, PVC, PE, and TPR can be used to meet hardness and toughness requirements for different toys.
· Eco-friendly colorants can be added directly to the material for coloring, avoiding pollution from painting and meeting safety standards for children’s products.
4. Modular Design and Movable Structures
· Through multi-component design, movable joints (e.g., Transformers, model robots) can be produced.
· “Ultrasonic welding” or “snap-fit design” enables rapid assembly of parts.
5. Simulated Effects Processing
· Mold surfaces can be etched with patterns, or two-color injection molding, transparent materials, and electroplating effects can be used to achieve advanced textures like imitation metal or glass.
· Examples: Toy car windows, sparkling parts of magic wands.
III. Typical Examples
· Building Block Toys: Made from ABS via injection molding, with precision up to 0.002 mm, ensuring tight interlocking.
· Blind Box Figurines: Made from PVC or ABS, combined with hand-painted coloring, enabling mass production of personalized items.
· Model Assembly Toys: Multiple parts produced via injection molding for user assembly, e.g., Gundam models, ship models.
IV. Technological Extensions
Modern toy injection molding integrates automated robotic arms and IMD (In-Mold Decoration) technology, allowing patterns or electronic components to be embedded directly during molding for toys with sound and light effects.
Summary
Injection molding, with its efficiency, precision, and design flexibility, is a core process in toy manufacturing. It enables mass production and detailed rendering for everything from low-cost popular toys to high-end collectible models.
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